The space sector has experienced an unprecedented growth in recent years, driven by advancements in technology, international collaborations, and an increasing private sector involvement. With governments and private companies investing heavily in space explorations, satellite technology, and space tourism, the space economy is anticipated to soar, projecting over $1 trillion in annual sales by 2040.
India, too, is witnessing a rapid growth in its space sector. Currently, over 100 startups are active across various domains such as building launch vehicles, designing advanced satellites, and developing space situational awareness solutions. The Indian space market, valued at nearly $8 billion and growing at a compound annual growth rate of 4%, is outpacing the global growth rate. This growth has not gone unnoticed, attracting significant foreign investments, including notable investments in Indian spacetech startups by major global players.
With the implementation of the Indian Space Policy, 2023, the country aims to achieve a $44 billion Indian space economy by 2033. Moreover, India’s recent agreement to the Artemis Accords, a set of principles guiding space exploration cooperation, marks a significant step in its commitment to international space collaboration.
The draft Space Activities Bill, 2017, although lapsed, proposed a regulatory mechanism to promote and govern space activities in India, addressing everything from environmental preservation to international obligations and national security. This proposal aimed at fostering the development of scientific and technical potential in the sector.
To further encourage the burgeoning space industry, the Indian Space Policy – 2023 was formulated, focusing on promoting private sector participation across the entire space economy value chain. This policy encourages Indian consumers of space technology or services, regardless of the sector, to freely procure them from any source.
In terms of foreign direct investment (FDI), the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, allows up to 100% FDI with government approval in satellite establishment and operation, subject to security clearance and sectoral guidelines. Recent amendments to the policy have further defined investment limits and activities, aiming to clarify and encourage foreign investment in the sector.
As India embarks on ambitious missions to explore the Sun, the Moon, Mars, and beyond, it stands at a pivotal juncture, ready to shape the future of global science, technology, and commerce. The challenge now lies in implementing a regulatory framework that not only encourages investment but also safeguards national interests and adheres to international treaty obligations.
India’s evolving space industry, bolstered by a supportive policy environment and significant foreign investments, is poised for a giant leap. The country’s role in the global space economy, with its unique capabilities and ambitious projects, is set to expand significantly, offering new opportunities for investment and collaboration in the final frontier.
